Digital Land Management in Bangladesh Essay

Bangladesh has a very proud people density. Scarce demean and the rapid increase of population of the country are creating high pressure level over add-man ratio. Land possession demo establishment is insufficient and partial in Bangladesh. As a result, it spills out jumbled and spontaneous cut increase through with(predicate)out the country, especially in the major cities. In this situation, it is outstanding to establish a congenial grunge brass and centering system for establishing a systematic mount for mean estate development. Land reading arranging (LIS) is the most accountable and feasible systematic approach for belowdeveloped an up-to-date debark organization and precaution.LIS is related to various quantitative and soft aspects of debark resource. Holding incompatible cartographic development, LIS facilitates capturing, retrieval, and querying of nurture and provides excessivelyls to perform dissimilar analyses. Based on the secondary info rmation by literature review, this piece is aimed at studying the actual prop cheek system, and recommending feasible interventions and outline of LIS for creating an efficient soil administration and management policy for Bangladesh. This paper in like manner foc habituates on the challenges of LIS that are needed to be resolved for framing the existing prop up administration and management policy for planned and controlled growth of Bangladesh. submissionBangladesh, a South-Asian developing country is characterized by very high population growth and scare body politic. It spills out jumbled and spontaneous shoot down development within urban areas as well as other areas within the country. The rapid increase of population is continuously reducing the vote out-man ratio of the country. The pasture of land careen and land conversion is also very high in Bangladesh. Rapid population growth combined with fast number of land transformation urges for an effective land ad ministration and management system.However, the stuffy land administration system cannot keep pace with the growing submit and changing situation of the land market. Inappropriate land administration and management system is the cause for unplanned growth, and this eventually generates problems in community life. unequal and improper land records increase difficulties in the security of land tenure and land transfer. For this, it becomes an obligation to establish a compatible land administration and management system by setting up a holistic approach. Land Information System (LIS) is the most feasible systematic approach for developing an efficient land administration and management system in Bangladesh. This paper focuses on the issues that are needed to be addressed in formulating a viable land administration and management policy for the planned and controlled growth in Bangladesh. An Overview of Present Land organisation and Management in BangladeshLand record system in Ba ngladesh forms an integral part of land administration, encompassing preparation of memorialise-of-Rights (ROR) through visual senseing and mapping of land plots, adaptation of deeds during transfer of land and updating ownership records. At reconcile, ii different Ministries namely Ministry of Land (MoL) Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs (MLJPA) make land administration and management in Bangladesh.Directorate of Land temper and Survey (DLRS) under the MoL prepares ROR and updating of ROR (mutation) is done by upazila land perspective which is under the jurisdiction of MoL. Furthermore, readjustment of transfer deed is under obligation of accommodation Department that is under the MLJPA.The DLRS is entrusted with the responsibility of carrying out cadastral look backs and preparation of ROR. A revised mauza map showing location, area and characteristics and a khatian indicating ownership, area and character of land are the two parts of ROR. The DLRS condu cts surveys and liquidation operations through Zonal Settlement magnates and Upazila Settlement offices. A survey team consisting of two Surveyors and one Chainman conduct the survey operation.The steps of hear objections and appeal are done by Sub- jock Settlement Officer (SASO) and assistance Settlement Officer (ASO) respectively (Aziz, 2003). Survey operation consists of the following phases trave survey, Kistwar (Plot to Plot) survey, preliminary record writing (Khanapuri), demarcation of boundary, local explanation (Bujharat), affidavit (Tasdik), draft everydayation, disposal of objection, appeals, concluding Junk (checking), printing process and publication of Khatian (Ahmed, 1994).Furthermore, revisional village for upgrading land record is under channelisenby the settlement offices. Land records that keep been on the watch through revisional settlement operation are reliable (Siddiqui, 1997).Land readjustment is a deed of precaution of a public register, which is a record of an isolated transactions. Sub-Register (SR) registers transfer of any parcel of land through a deed with stamp on the airscrew value as determined Property Transfer Tax (IPTT). When any deed is registered in Registration office, Land Transfer (LT) notice is to be sent to the Office of Assistant Commissioners (AC, Land) Office (Aziz, 2003). athletics is the impact of revising and updating the ROR on transfer of land ownership and on subdivision and amalgamation of landholdings. The AC (Land) working under Deputy Commissioner (DC) updates or revises partially these land records through mutation process. at that place are two ways of mutation (Siddiqui, 1997)i) Mutation according to LT andii) Mutation in response to application to the Upazila Land office. after(prenominal) the finalization of land records in survey operation the DLRS sends khatians, mauza maps to the DC office that preserves them in the District Record Room. At invest, a Record Room is also maintaine d in the AC (Land) Office and spousal relationship Land Office. These Land Records provide the base to conduct further survey and preparation of master plan, structure plan, infrastructure development plan, valuation of property tax, etc. Furthermore, these records are used as the base for functioning of public and private development and by the companies providing utility work.Problems of Present Land cheek and Management in Bangladesh Lack of coordination Land record preparation, upgrading of ROR and land transfer registration are the integral parts of land administration and these should be coordinated well enough. However, these offices work separately with little coordination among them (Aziz, 2003). At present the responsible ministries and agencies involved for land management and administration work respectively with little coordination among them. Manual and Labour intensive Process The whole process is manual, laborious and successionintensive.Conventional methods of land survey, preparation and upgradation of land records, living of all related data for each parcel of land makes land administration and management incomplete and inefficient. Widespread Fake Documenting Moreover, distortion of land records at various stages (i.e. plot-to-plot survey, preparation of records and drawing of maps through conventional methods, objections, dispose / checking works, printing, etc.) hinders land development control and property tax collection.Isolated maintenance of registration deeds and delay for sending LT notices to the AC (Land) office by the Registration office makes mutation and eventually the upgrading of ROR a lengthy procedure. As a result, it requires revisional settlement for updating land record that is more tangled and time consuming. All the current stages of conventional preparation of ROR are under attack(predicate) to monkey and distortion.No Single Ownership Document Khatians are not conclusive evidence of ownership, merely provid e basis for possession at the recording time. Under the prevailing legal system, khatians along with deeds and mutated documents together are relevant for ownership decision by a obliging court (Mia, 1996). The lengthy and complex process of ownership determination enhances conflicts. The present system of registered transfer deed of land does not prove ownership or transferable rights of the seller rather put risk of misguided transfer (Aziz, 2003). Deeds are full of unnecessary, irrelevant and meaningless terminology that make them difficult to understand.Fraud and forgery Inadequate and improper land registrations increase difficulties in land security tenure and land transfer in Bangladesh, as deed system does not provide the final proof of the proprietary right (Alam, 1992 Hossain, 1995). There is no provision of pay if any loses occur to some person due to mistakes or errors in the deed.These results large-scale fraud and forgery related to land sale registration (Alam, 1 992). There is notable corruption in Registration Office. If certain rate is not paid to the officers and staffs of the office, the deed is not placed before the Sub-Registrar for registration. There is also a tendency of report carding lower price of land during the time of registration for avoiding IPTT or overpricing for getting the favour for finding blaspheme loan for landdevelopment.It is an open secret that applicants are compelled to pay an trim amount of money than government settled charge in Tehshil office in the time of mutation. The mutation records can be distorted every during survey and settlement operations or due to false report of the Tehsildars.Inefficiency og Settlement Press Inadequate capacity of the Settlement Press for printing land records and poor quality of record maintenance also affront the inefficiency of the existing system. Many valuable records in Record Room have become worn out due to continuous use over a long period of time.Lack of the syste matic and updated source of information has made the existing land record system more multiform and ambiguous that results innumerable land disputes and malpractice. Even government is continuously world deprived of her own (khas) land as grabbers manipulate ownership through forged documents (Barakat, 2001).Overwhelming land disputes Over 3.2 million land-related cases are pending before the judiciary in Bangladesh. This huge figure does not take into account the large number of the aggrieved who do not feel empower enough to approach the courts for litigation. Land disputes often lead to violence and guilty offenses. It is said that 80 percent of criminal offenses today stem from land disputes.Corruption Manul process, lack of transparent documents Given the absence of a transparent system, bribery and other irregularities are common. People in the administration who are responsible for creating and maintaining land records often prepare incorrect records intentionally, and la nd owners are forced to pay bribes to officials to get the records approved. Officials and surveyors are often in cahoots with touts and land sharks cases abound where people have paid bribes to officials and/or surveyors and gotten land ownership transferred/recorded illegally in their names, leaving the real owner(s) path pillar to post to get justice.In 2006 alone, bribes worth about 83 billion Bangladeshi Taka were paid for land related services such(prenominal) as registration and altering of records.Rationality of LIS based Land Administration and Management in BangladeshLand administration and management system is too much complicated in Bangladesh. For efficient and appropriate land management program, maintenance of updated land ROR is very much important. It is easy to facilitate ready capturing, retrieval, and querying by holding different cartographic information by LIS. This provides different tools to perform different analyses. As a result, LIS could suit with the s pontaneous land conversion and title change in the country.Land Information System (LIS) for Land Administration and Management in BangladeshOnce an accurate geodesical framework and cadastral system has been developed, many analysis of land-tenure change could be preformed with the assurance of high degree of measurement accuracy.This attempts to arrive at compatible multiple land uses within selected parcel of land (Demers, 1999). Land administration and management, land use control, provision of utility services and other services can be pursued by computerized LIS. This system would serve matching services related to land management by marginal labor, time and money. Use of LIS for recording and maintaining the original volume of land records could minimize the chances of tampering of records.LIS could introduce Unified cadastre that is a broader concept to incorporate information related to positioning of land, land size and orientation, land ownership, land use etc. This is a large scale, community oriented land information system to serve both public and private organizations concerned to land administration and management, land development and service provision.